Maine switched to RCV after our unpopular governor won both of his terms with pluralities and not majorities. The intended goal was to encourage voters to engage with candidates outside of the two major parties without causing the "spoiler effect" that occurs when votes for third party candidates allow someone else to win without majority approval. In public choice terms, we wanted a Condorcet winner.
We can see the effects of RCV in the 2018 District 2 House Election between incumbent Bruce Poliquin, Democratic challenger Jared Golden, and two independents. As shown by the NYT table below, Golden was eventually able to receive a 50.5% majority once the two independent candidates were eliminated. He was the RCV winner, but Bruce would have been the plurality winner (with 46.3 % of the first round votes to Golden's 45.6%. Poliquin then condemned RCV, completely because he cares about the constitutional rights of voters and not because he is a sore loser. Soon, a federal judge struck down his suit, and Golden became the first federal lawmaker elected by RCV. It should be interesting to see how RCV plays out in elections where there are more than two high-polling contenders (like potentially the presidential primaries in March). Even so, our first major election with RCV showed that changing the voting method can drastically alter the outcome.
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