Public Choice theory suggests that small groups with similar interests
will be better able to lobby the government for favors than large groups
that succumb to the free rider problem. Women's groups confound this
notion by representing a large section of the population yet being able
to gain significant rents for women. With the help of “more than 50
women’s organizations” women gained many different forms of screening,
counselling and testing in the Affordable Care Act. Men do not have access to these services and their is no comparable increase in male health-care.
One explanation is that benefits to women are a mere byproduct of the
efforts of health care industries to seek regulation to limit entry and
gain subsidies. Testing companies, women's counselling groups, and
preventative care providers that specialize in services used more by
women certainly benefit from the law. This explanation, however, doesn’t
address why prostate cancer screening equipment manufacturers and other
providers of men’s health services didn’t get men’s health regulation
into the law.
Using Becker’s model, the women’s lobby might be a leftover from when
increasing legal protections for women was more beneficial to individual
women; as they acquired the vote, property rights, and equal
protection. Now these groups have much smaller gains to make from
lobbying, but retain the structure that allows them to change political
outcomes. The organizational structure is especially influential when
compared to the men without national organizations for their benefit who
would have to oppose women's groups. In Becker’s model, after some
additional gains, the marginal benefit of lobbying will go down or the
marginal impact of the loss from extra regulations will increase
sufficiently to cause a reduction in the size and influence of the
women’s lobby.
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